MAN: I have in the studio with me Mary Smith from Yorktown Tourism who is here to tell us about some of the events happening in our state capital over the next three weeks after Spring Festival, so Mary what can we expect to see?

WOMAN: Well it’s such an exciting time to be in Yorktown to kick off the Spring Festival, there’ll be a huge firework display down by the _Q11 lake starting at 9 pm this Saturday the 4th of September. Over 10,000 fireworks will be set off all choreographed to music and broadcast simultaneously here on radio Yorkie. You should get there early if you want to get close to the action so bring along a _Q12 picnic and a blanket as it could get chilly in the evening.

If you’re interested in seeing the latest in cars from the fastest to the most expensive, then head over to the _Q15 motor show at the Exhibition Center, from the 10th to the 15th of September. It’ll be open daily from 9 am until 10 pm, so you can even pop there after work. Do you like photography, then go along to grow your imagination, an exhibition of photographs of famous gardens which will be held at the _Q16 art gallery from the 11th to the 19th of September. Come and be inspired by some of the world’s most beautiful gardens. I’ve had a sneak preview of some of the photographs and they are magnificent. If music is more your scene, then you should come and hear the Australian Philharmonic Orchestra performing swing in Spring at the _Q17 concert hall on Friday the 17th and Saturday the 18th of September. It’s a celebration of dance music from the 1940s and 50s there’ll be three performances, both evenings start at 7 p.m and a matinee performance at _Q18 2:30 on the Saturday, so get your dancing shoes on and head there, it’s guaranteed to get your feet tapping.

Those are just a few of the attractions on offer but for something a little different you could try balloons down under. Which is the largest gathering of hot air balloons in the southern hemisphere it’s well worth it, because there’ll be over 25 balloons of all shapes and sizes, which is a truly amazing site. I’m also happy to announce that one lucky person will get the chance to go up in one of these _Q19 balloons absolutely free, that’s the prize in our special Spring Festival competition. It had normally cost you two hundred dollars, so it’s not a bad prize eh I’m sure you all want a chance to win, so you’ll need to fill out the entry form in today’s edition of the _Q20 Yorktown News. Don’t forget to include your phone number and send it to radio Yorkie, make sure your entry reaches Us by 5 PM on Thursday the 9th of September. Then to see if you’ve won just check out the festival’s website on Saturday the 11th of September, where we’ll publish the name of the lucky winner. It’s such a fantastic prize so hurry up and get your entry in, so there you have it you of the special events happening here in Yorktown over the Spring Festival, and if you’d like any more details about…

WOMAN: Wildlife Conservation Society good afternoon can I help you?

MAN: Oh hello. Yes, I’d like to join please.

WOMAN: Oh yes certainly. I’ll just get some details from you. Could I have your name?

MAN: Michael Jones.

WOMAN: Right. And can I ask where you heard about us? Was it in an advert or did a friend tell you or…

MAN: Neither actually, it was _Q1 a radio program. Then I just got your number from the phone book.

WOMAN: Oh right. Now I need some membership details. It’s Michael Jones and the address?

MAN: 21 Beale Street.

MAN: Leeds.

WOMAN: Fine. And do you know your postcode?

MAN: Yes, it’s uh _Q2 LS14 2JW.

WOMAN: Okay. And do you have a daytime telephone number we can contact you on?

MAN: Yeah, you call me at work the numbers, 0-1-1-7-3-5-8-6-4-2 and I can give you my office email address if you like.

WOMAN: That’ll probably be useful, yes please.

MAN: It’s _Q3 mj@hennings.co.uk.

WOMAN: Is that h-e-n-n-i-n-g-s?

MAN: That’s right.

WOMAN: Thank you, now just need to ask you some questions about exactly what you want. First of all how long do you want the membership for we do _Q4 two, three, and five year memberships and we also do one for Life.

MAN: Uh, I think I’ll just get the minimum length this time around.

WOMAN: Fine and then the type of _Q5 membership we do single, joint, or family which covers up to four children.

MAN: Well, we haven’t got any children, but I think I’ll get the _Q5 joint one because my wife will probably want to do the activities with me.

WOMAN: Yes fine, let me see. That’ll be _Q6 49 pounds altogether then please.

WOMAN: How would you like to pay?

MAN: By direct debit.

WOMAN: No problem. I just need your bank details. Can you give me the name first?

MAN: Uh, 0-1-0-5-9-6-1-2.

WOMAN: Okay, when would you like to start payment? Next month from the first of _Q8 October or…

MAN: Can you make it the _Q8 15th instead?

WOMAN: No problem the membership will begin then too is that all right?

MAN: That’s fine.

WOMAN: I just give you a reference number in case there’s any problem. Have you got a pen?

MAN: Yes.

WOMAN: It’s _Q9 JYZ37. And we’ll be sending you an information pack within a few days. Is there anything else?

MAN: Uh oh yes could you send me an additional one I’ve got a friend who’s very interested.

WOMAN: Certainly, no problem I make a note of that. There’s also a _Q10 video we can send you if you like, there’s no charge.

MAN: Yes please that’ll be great.

Today we’re going to delve into the fascinating history of music in Britain and the evolution that it experienced throughout the duration of the 18th and 19th centuries. during the second half of the 18th century, Britain experienced an industrial revolution during which its manufacturing industry underwent a major transition from hand production methods to the use of machinery.

This sudden boom in the industry drew thousands of people into the cities, where they knew they’d be able to find jobs in the _Q31 factories working with or maintaining the machinery. This sudden influx of people into the cities did not just come from the surrounding countryside but also from other poorer nations in search of a better life, between 1800 and 1900 the population of England increased by four times. This mass _Q32 immigration from different nations and areas of the country resulted in a variety of cultural influences meeting and mixing to form a new more diverse culture. With this new culture came a new style of music prior to the industrial revolution music had originally been written to reflect the hard labor-intensive life in all kinds of _Q33 industries when all work had to be done by hand.

Most people resided in small rural communities where their lives revolved around farming, life for the average person was difficult as incomes were meager and malnourishment and disease were common. Despite the difference in nationalities of the people and the variety of musical genres all of the music shared one common _Q34 language English, as many were unable to write the songs were a means for the people to give voice to their experiences and feelings about their hard and laborious _Q35 jobs, most of the music written by the workers during this period has been lost as a result of illiteracy and aware of time. Now you may be asking yourselves how these small musical works were formed. The roots of most of these groups can mostly be traced back to the younger members of the working classes, who were perhaps rebelling against the inferiority of their living and working conditions compared to those of the upper classes. _Q36 Young performers would often lead these musical trends usually possessing a great talent for singing or playing particular handmade instruments. As time progressed into the 19th century these musical groups had gained much notoriety and would hold small performances in the street for all to watch. It was perhaps their blind optimism and rebellious spirit that led them to become so popular with their _Q37 audiences. Which were usually made up of the poorest of the poor despite efforts by the _Q38 upper classes to put an end to these musical traditions they continued to gain popularity and flourish. By the late 1870s, they had evolved past the barrier of the social echelons and gained access to the middle class.

Performances were held in proper establishments such as village halls and some were even ticketed with audiences paying a fee for the privilege of watching. Music produced by these groups were better recorded and some is still preserved today in museums. The music of these groups may not exist in the present day but its influences are still clear if you look closely enough, in _Q39 classical culture for example many of the themes and theatrical performances are still based on the lives and experiences of the working classes both prior to and following the industrial revolution. The novel entitled les miserables by Viktor Hugo for example, is a novel about the French working classes and is still widely popular today.

The original _Q40 recordings of the music written during these periods are now hugely valuable due to the demand from avid collectors and enthusiastic fans. Many of these recordings are publicly owned and displayed in museum exhibits. However, a selection are still privately owned and occasionally appear for sale in auctions. Often reaching prices in the hundreds of thousands. Well, that just about wraps the lecture up for today, so if anyone has any questions…

LARA: Hi Tommy I haven’t seen you for ages. How have you been?

TOMMY: Oh hi Lara I’m great I’ve just joined a local book club that meets every Wednesday, and I’m really enjoying it. Next week we’re discussing the novels of Charles Dickens I’m really looking forward to it, as he’s my favorite author.

LARA: Yes absolutely, his novels are wonderful. I attended Dickens book club too. Would you like to do a practice session with me in preparation for your meeting?

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TOMMY: Sure that sounds great let’s start by discussing the main characters in david copperfield. And the ways in which they’re affected by the events of the story as it develops. What do you think of Rosie?

LARA: What is your opinion of Flory?

TOMMY: I find her very manipulative. She seems intent on seeking attention, so whenever she wants something from her family members she persistently _Q22 acts in a very silly manner, just like a kid. Unfortunately, many people do not realize this and so they give her the attention that she’s seeking which only encourages her to continue behaving this way.

LARA: Yes Flory is the complete opposite of Lizzy. Lizzy is very sensitive and she has a _Q23 true perceptiveness into how people are feeling and how they behave, which enables her to act appropriately towards them. She is very kind and generous and cares about how people feel.

TOMMY: That’s true and I really like her character too. My least favorite character is Estelle because she acts so selfishly and _Q24 gets enjoyment from making others suffer. Unfortunately, there are many people like her in the world who intend to make others feel like this.

LARA: It’s interesting how you can associate so many of the characters with people that you know in real life. I think that the reason why Dickens is so good at _Q26 creating deep and believable characters is because he understands human mentality.

TOMMY: Absolutely, what do you think of the literature lectures?

LARA: I really look forward to them, they’re the highlight of my week. The lecturer is usually late but that gives you time to settle down and get organized before the lecture begins.

TOMMY: Do you have a discussion period at the end?

LARA: No, I don’t think so we’re meant to. But since the lectures often begin late this means that _Q25 there is no time left for a conversation about the lecture. I think this is a real shame because it really helps you to gain a good understanding of the books when you hear other people’s opinion of it. What about your lectures?

TOMMY: My lecturers have very good organization skills so their lectures are well organized and packed full of information. They always leave enough time at the end for consideration when everyone is really quiet and we reflect on the lecture in our own minds before we open up for discussion. This really helps you to gather your thoughts and absorb the information from the lecture.

LARA: Oh, that sounds brilliant.

TOMMY: Do you think there is anything that needs to be improved?

LARA: My experience of the course overall is really brilliant, but I feel there are many improvements that could be made to it. The IT support staff are great but there are just _Q27 not enough computers available for the numbers of people that need to use them. Every time that I need to use a computer I have to queue up for at least 15 minutes.

TOMMY: I find that the librarians are really helpful and approachable. However, the equipment is just not good enough. Whenever I need to use the photocopying facilities for example most of the _Q28 machines are really old and slow, which means that you have to wait for ages for them to work. It’s really frustrating because I’m often stretched for time.

LARA: Perhaps we should start a petition to encourage the university to improve their facilities.

TOMMY: That sounds good.

LARA: What do you think of the group discussions?

TOMMY: I really enjoy them. Since the class groups are so small everyone gets to have their say and contri bute thoughts to the conversation, so _Q29 the classes are really effective. The only issue is that it’s very difficult to find an opportunity to meet up since everyone has such busy schedules.

LARA: Yes definitely in our class we pass around a ball. And only the person holding the ball is allowed to speak. Each person is only allowed to speak for a minute at a time which helps us to make sure that _Q30 we use the class time fairly and it also makes the discussion more fun.

TOMMY: That’s true it’s been really great catching up with you. Thanks for your help.

LARA: No problem good luck at your class. Bye.