GUIDE: Hello welcome to pine garden. My name is Manuel and I’d like to tell you a few things about our establishment before you all wander off and begin your exploration of the grounds. I know you’re keen to begin so I’ll try to keep this short. First of all, I’d like to explain what you can do with your ticket. If you want to be closer to nature you could visit our planting area, in that area visitors can plant small flowers and bulbs that will grow and become part of the garden. The planting activity is completely free. However, if you have sensitive hands you’ll need to purchase garden gloves to protect your skin, here at pine garden, we sell a number of wooden goods carved from trees that have been felt in our very own pine forest.

If you feel like getting involved and having a go yourself you can join one of our _Q11 bush timbering lessons free of charge, where you’ll be able to make your own keyring under the supervision of a skilled craftsman. The most popular attraction in the garden is our aviary where you can observe a whole range of bird species entry to this section is free but you have to pay a small supplement in order to enter the hummingbird section. Also, the insect hut not far from it may arouse your interest there you can find some interesting insects such as butterflies, pocket _Q12 ladybugs, dragonflies, and so on and there’s no extra charge for that. Unfortunately, there are some areas that are temporarily off limits to visitors today for example, the gift shop that closed earlier this year and won’t be open for another month or so. As I mentioned before however, you’re free to visit our restaurant for food and snacks, and if you’re looking to purchase a gift why not buy that special someone a potted bush or orchid from our _Q13 plant care center, and our new treetop cafe is under construction which will be very impressive when it’s finished.

In fact, the _Q14 model towns already opened ahead of schedule and it’s attracting a lot of people now our tourist office is normally available to provide tourists with a variety of help however the officer is sick at home today, please do not let this discourage you from visiting these as they provide quite an experience.

I also would like to introduce you to our plant specialists who are responsible for the wonderful plant displays here at pine garden. And Mrs. Mary is one of our experts and she is personally responsible for our beautiful display of plants that are all found _Q15 growing naturally in the local area. Mr. Berson has the difficult task of growing _Q16 varieties of plants that are suited to much drier and hotter climates than ours which means we do not have to store water on site. If you visit the glass house you’ll be able to see many plants that he has managed to cultivate without the need for rain or irrigation. Mr. Smith is responsible for the produce that you can eat in our restaurant which ranges from varieties that _Q17 grow under the ground to those that grow on trees and bushes.

Now Mr. Nunee here is our expert on the most commonly _Q18 growing plant in the world grass. You may have noticed how beautifully green and lush our grounds are thanks to his specialist knowledge. Mr. Scanlon ensures that our _Q19 soil is full of nutrients so that the natural habitat is supported and encouraged. He does this by fertilizing the earth with a  special formula of his own creation. Finally I would like to introduce you all to Dr. Mandelson he is the manager of our landscaping team and works closely with our other experts to ensure that everyone works together to _Q20 create a landscape that is both beautiful and sustainable. Well that just about rounds it up, now if anyone has any questions?

PROFESSOR: Thanks for coming in today to discuss your internship experience, completing some sort of work experience like an internship is a core part of our master’s program and we want to make sure students are able to make the most of it.

DIANA: That’s fine.

AMY: Oh hi Jack, thank you for coming to discuss the details of the concert it’s a real help.

JACK: No problem Amy, I’m looking forward to throwing some ideas around. Shall we order coffee before we begin?

AMY: Yes I’ll have a cappuccino please. Right first on the agenda is deciding who the intended audience is because we’ll obviously have to base our choice of music on this.

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JACK: Classical concerts are held all the time. But I’d really like to do something different and make it special. What do you think about holding it outside?

AMY: I like the idea, but the weather is too unpredictable. What if we host the concert for _Q1 children, we could make it more lighthearted and everyone could dress up in costume.

JACK: What a wonderful idea. We could host the event every afternoon so that children can attend after school. How much do you think we should charge?

AMY: I don’t think we should charge more than five dollars for the student tickets.

JACK: No, I think that _Q2 four dollars would be a fair price. We can charge adults a little bit more. I’d say that 6.50 is suitable.

AMY: Okay great that should hopefully cover the costs of running the event. The local press will be in attendance to take photographs to print in the newspaper, so we’ll also need to organize a press tent.

JACK: It’s all so exciting. There will also be a representative from the local _Q3 radio station broadcasting live they’re predicting is that over a thousand people will tune in to listen.

AMY: Now that we’re agreed let’s move on to discuss our other more sophisticated concert, where we’ll be hosting a number of well-known opera performers.

JACK: As the majority of people will be at work during the day I suggest that the concert takes place in the late afternoon or evening. Which is do you think?

AMY: I think we should definitely hold an _Q4 evening concert the darkness will make the entire performance more dramatic.

AMY: As it will be a lavish and elegant event I think we should set quite a high entrance fee of around forty dollars, it’ll give us some extra money to spend on decorations.

JACK: That sounds fair, instead of using chandeliers and electric lights, we should decorate the marquee with _Q5 candles instead it would be so romantic.

AMY: Okay perfect.

AMY: Now moving on to the concert where we showcase talented opera singers from the local area. Perhaps we should host this opera show on Monday evening.

JACK: I think that the venue is already booked on Monday, but _Q6 Tuesday will do nicely. How much do you think we should charge the audience for tickets.

AMY: Since the performers are not professionals perhaps we should make this a free event.

JACK: Yes, tickets will be free but we should ask everyone for a _Q7 donation. So that we can cover the costs of the venue and food and drink.

AMY: The venue also comes complete with a _Q8 piano. So hopefully one of the performers will be able to play. I had lessons when I was younger but I’m not accomplished enough to perform in front of an audience.

JACK: Well, what if we make our final concert a karaoke night where everyone of any ability can sing on stage. It could be really good fun. And it would give everyone the opportunity to join in.

AMY: Yes I love that idea. Let’s hold it during the day on Saturday so that everyone including families and the elderly can attend.

JACK: Perhaps we should offer concessions for students, children, and the elderly to make the tickets more affordable and encourage everyone to come.

AMY: Yes definitely, I think that the majority of the crowd will be composed of families and friendship groups so we should avoid giving a group _Q9 discount to maximize the income from ticket sales.

JACK: Let’s arrange a secret surprise to end the show on a high for everyone. How about a band performance?

AMY: One of my friends happens to know a famous _Q10 singer who I’m sure would be happy to perform for a small fee.

JACK: Oh wow that sounds brilliant. Well I think we’ve addressed the details for all of the concerts.

AMY: Thank you so much for helping. See you later.

Good day ladies and gentlemen, welcome to the second lecture in our series on animal senses. Today I’ll be comparing the sensory systems of different species and discussing how these senses enable them to explore their environment. When it comes to the sense of smell you may think that human beings have powerful and well-evolved sensory systems.

However some animals have a sense of smell that is far more powerful than ours, dogs for example have a sense of smell that is 40 times greater than a human’s and can distinguish 220 kinds of smell. Some animals can even smell odors that are undetectable by the human nose, such as _Q31 carbon dioxide. There are also animals that have a relatively weak sense of smell. For example, there are species of beetles that can recognize the odors of certain plants but not others. The bee is an interesting example to examine in reference to smell because they experience this sense via their antennae.

Bumblebees have stings but it’s rare that they actually use this weapon .when a bee feels threatened it will use its _Q32 legs to signal and warn others about the threat before it stings. This is called a signaling posture and involves the bee lifting its two back legs into the air. Within any hive there is a hierarchy with the queen bee at the top, the queen bee is able to _Q33 control the colony by monitoring its movement through her feet. The queen bee is the only reproductive female in the entire colony and she is also able to sting multiple times, unlike the worker bees that will die if they sting. In the insect world scent can also be used to facilitate mating as females decide whether or not to mate with a male depending on the quality of his scent. One such example of this is the female _Q34 butterfly who will only mate with the male butterfly that produces the strongest pheromones.

 

This is how the species ensures that only the best genes are perpetuated in order to create the strongest offspring. Next, we move on to the hearing sense of beetles interestingly beetles do not have ears but instead use their _Q35 feet to detect vibrations caused by sound. This is particularly useful when searching for food among the trees in which they live as they are able to detect the location and movement of their prey by monitoring vibrations in the _Q36 woodlands. The final sense that we’ll be looking at today is sight, snakes are a particularly interesting case study as they do not see shapes and colors as humans do but instead hunt their prey by detecting the  _Q37 heat radiating from their mouths. This makes them incredibly effective predators as they are able to zero in on their prey very quickly and efficiently. From a distance a snake is able to locate the heat radiating from a mouse for example and upon moving closer will be able to determine its _Q38 bodyshape. This can help prevent the snake from attempting to attack prey that is too large for it. Once a snake has killed and eaten its prey it goes into a state of hibernation. Whereby all of its energy is directed towards digesting the food stored in its _Q39 stomach. Depending on the size of the snake and its prey this hibernation can last from hours to days.

Once fully fed a large snake will not need to eat again for the next couple of weeks. During the breeding season however female snakes will feed more frequently. The heat detection of a snake is very complex and can be even more effective than the vision of a human. It not only uses heat to determine the location of its prey but before it commits to hunt it will also use the heat to calculate how much _Q40 distance it has to travel in order to reach it. This prevents the snake from wasting energy hunting prey that is too far away to catch.