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IELTS LISTENING-Animals in Space Exploration S68T4

 IELTS listening Animals in Space Exploration listening practice test has 10 questions belongs to the Science & Technology subject..

You will hear a university lecturer talking about animals who have traveled into space. The space race is beginning to speed up once more, as India and China join the USA, Europe, and Russia in sending craft beyond the Earth’s atmosphere.

Within the next decade or two, we may see humanity’s first mission to Mars. Today, I first want to look at those unsung heroes of space exploration, animals, before looking at how the rigors of spaceflight may impact on the human body.

The dog Laker is well known for taking the first Earth orbit on 3 November, 1957, almost two and a half years before the first man with Yuri Gagerin’s first orbit on 12 April, 1961. What is not well known is that the first animal, or should I say animals, that went into space was not a dog, but fruit flies.

They were transported on a rocket launched from New Mexico in the USA on the 20th of February 1947 and traveled just above the 100 kilometer point where space officially begins and then were safely parachuted to Earth.

Because fruit flies have a similar genetic makeup to humans, scientists wanted to see if solar radiation had any effect on them. The fact that they were fine paved the way for future human spaceflight.

Leka was one of a number of stray dogs found on the streets of Moscow. It was believed by surviving the hardships and cold of winters on the city’s streets, such animals would be better suited to the rigors of spaceflight.

They went through a series of demanding endurance trials and medical examinations, leaving three medically fit candidates. One of the final tests was for the dogs to be placed in increasingly smaller cages over several weeks.

Two other dogs, Albina and Mushka, didn’t show Laker’s calm temperament, so Laker was chosen. It was never intended that Laker should return to the Earth alive. Oleg Gazenko, one of the scientists on Laker’s Sputnik 2 mission, has been quoted as saying, We did not learn enough from this mission to justify the death of a dog.

At the time, the National Canine Defence League in the UK called on all dog owners to observe a minute’s silence for each day Laker was in space. The dog was later commemorated with a statue at the Cosmodrome where she was trained, and NASA named an area of the surface of Mars after her.

The first dogs to be successfully returned to Earth following their flight in space were Strelka and Belka, meaning little arrow and squirrel. They made their trip from the Soviet Union in August 1960.

Strelka later had a litter of puppies, one of which was given to US President John F. Kennedy by the Soviet leader, Nikita Khrushchev. A cat has also made the journey into space. In October 1963, one of a number of stray cats from Paris was blasted upwards on a French rocket.

The French scientists didn’t name cats, as there was a fear that the mission staff would become too fond of them, so the cat was simply named C three four one. When the cat returned to Earth, the press demanded the cat was given a name.

Felix, after the cartoon cat, was first chosen, but was renamed Feliset after it was discovered she was female. Over time, a whole menagerie of animals has been blasted spaceward, including large numbers of mice, over 30 monkeys, a pair of tortoises who orbited the moon, and two spiders called Anita and Arabella.

But perhaps the most curious creature sent into the cosmos is a microscopic invertebrate known as a water bear. As it can survive extremes of temperature on Earth and is capable of living for decades without water, it was seen if they could survive 12 days outside a spacecraft in the freezing, irradiated vacuum of space.

They could. From 1998, the International Space Station has hosted many animal visitors, helping to investigate the effects of long-term living under reduced gravity, known as microgravity. Some have produced surprising results.

For example, spiders found it difficult to spin webs, and moths hatched on Earth were unable to control their flights and clung to surfaces. Those born in space did just fine. The effects of long periods in space on sleep patterns were studied using mice, while both mice and fish were part of a research program on bone demineralization, a major problem for astronauts during long periods away from Earth.

Space science has moved along a lot since those first fruit flies were launched into space, and it’s possible that we may see the first interplanetary travel in our lifetime, with the first manned mission to Mars.

Attitudes to animal testing have also changed and are guided by two principles. First, that of need. Can the use of animals be justified? The second is of morality. To keep suffering to a minimum and avoid fatalities.

Nevertheless, animal studies have told us a lot about how space travel, especially prolonged space travel, may affect the human body. And that is what I’d like to consider now.

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IELTS LISTENING- Study Abroad Opportunities S68T3

 IELTS listening Study Abroad Opportunities listening practice test has 10 questions belongs to the Education & Study Abroad subject..

You will hear a lecturer talking to three students about their options for a study year abroad. Well, hello, everybody. As you know, I’ve been arranging short small group tutorials for everyone studying French who’s due to go on their study year abroad.

I want to outline the options available and get some idea of what your preferences may be. As usual, we have lots of opportunities in France, mainly in education, including our usual link up with Paris University, which a lot of students have enjoyed over the years.

But we also have placements in non-European locations. That sounds interesting. Where are these places? Well, we have some opportunities in Canada. Quebec is very interested in promoting the use of French in the country, and there are a number of opportunities as assistants in primary schools, as well as the chance of working for the local newspaper in Bas-Saint-Laurent, one of the strongest francophone areas of the country.

That’s interesting. I never thought of Canada for our study year. Me neither. Well, there are also some opportunities in the developing world. In Haiti, for example. That’s in the Caribbean, isn’t it?

That’s right. It’s still suffering the effects of the 2010 earthquake. There’s been a lot of disruption to everyday life ever since. There are a lot of voluntary organizations and NGOs working there, and they are always looking for volunteers.

There’s no pay, but you would get a small stipend to help with living expenses. Then there’s work helping monitor elephant populations in Senegal, in the Nyokolo Kobo National Park. Again, it won’t make you rich, but it’s very worthy work.

That sounds great. I’ve been to France lots of time, so the chance to go to different places like Haiti and Senegal is really exciting. So, what I would like from you are your three choices, first, second and third, and hopefully we can get you to a place you like.

Let’s start with you, Shireen. I like the idea of visiting Canada. So my first choice would be the newspaper you mentioned, as I am interested in journalism. And your second and third choices? Well, if there are any more journalism opportunities, either in France or elsewhere, that would be good.

So my second choice would be working for a newspaper in France or Switzerland for a third choice. Thanks, Shireen. What about you, Ben? Well, I do want to work for a charity, so that job in Haiti working for a charity would be my first choice.

After that, I like the idea of Senegal, and if that’s not possible, a place in France would be fine. We’ll see what we can do. And lastly, Rina. What would you like to do in your year? I really like working in nature.

So the idea of doing the elephant survey in Senegal really appeals to me. If not, Haiti would be my second choice, and France would be my third. Well, thanks everybody. I’ll see what I can do so everybody gets their first choice.

But it all depends on the number of places available. Once I’ve spoken to everyone in the year group and when everything has been finally settled, I’ll send a list of options out and you can choose the one you’d like.

Hopefully, you’ll get your first choice. Thanks.

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IELTS LISTENING – Preparing and Giving a Presentation S6T4

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IELTS Listening Preparing and Giving a Presentation listening practice test has 10 questions belongs to the Education / Academic Skills subject..

LECTURER: Hello, everyone. You’ve all been given an assignment for your sociology course, which will involve giving a presentation to the rest of the group. And so today I’m going to be giving you a few tips on how to prepare your presentations. This should help you with your current assignment, but a lot of the principles I’ll be putting across will be general principles, which will, of course, help you with all your future presentations.

So, first of all, the most important thing to consider is your audience, and in this instance, your audience are the other students in your group. There are three points to bear in mind. Firstly, you need to ask yourself what they need to know. Secondly, it’s useful to consider whether they’ll be Q31 supportive or not, and thirdly, will it be a small group, say, three or four, a moderate gathering of 20 or so people as for your current assignment or will there be hundreds of people?

Having settle that, what I’m about to tell you will apply equally to any audience. So, how do you structure your presentation? Right at the beginning, you should tell them something that forces them to Q32 pay attention. This could be something surprising or even shocking, but it needs to be relevant. After that, you need a list of items or topics showing them what you’ll be covering rather like an agenda. And then the main part of the presentation will follow. This main part will be the detailed information you’ll be presenting and could include facts, statistics, personal experiences, etc.

After this, you should summarize what you presented and close with what I call Q33 next steps. For this assignment, you could simply point the group to other sociology reference material. In other cases, you may want to suggest some actions that people can take.

Now. What about the design of the slides for your laptop? Well, the important thing here is to be Q34 consistent, you need to have the same type of font and use the same color and size for the same elements. For example, all headers need to look the same. All bullet points need to be presented in the same way. And don’t just stick to words. Bring the presentation to life by adding Q35 graphics. These could be in several forms, such as pictures, flow charts, diagrams, history grams, and so on.

And still, let’s move on now to presenting. You have your presentation prepared and you’re ready to start. Well, it’s important to give a good impression from the start, so take three deep breaths. Look at the audience, no matter how frightening they may be, and be enthusiastic and energetic.

As you go through the presentation. Remember to provide some variety in the way you speak. So, for example, you can talk fairly rapidly for information that may be familiar, but then slow down firm or unfamiliar sections and change your Q36 tone as you speak. Don’t keep it at the same level all the way through.

As I mentioned, look at your audience. Ah ah, a good tip is to pick people out and look at them for around five seconds. Not looking at the audience gives the impression that you’re either not interested in them or terrified of them. Looking too long at one particular person may make them feel rather uncomfortable.

There may be points in your presentation that you want your audience to really absorb, and in order to make important points stand out. You may consider adding Q37 silences, right after these. It will give people time to reflect on what you’ve just said. Also, you may be presenting complicated ideas or technical details, but trying to keep everything as simple as possible. Use simple words and as few as possible and be clear. If you say something like this appears to be, it implies uncertainty. So using Q38 weak verbs such as appears, seems, could be, etc needs to be avoided.

I’ll just finish off with a few thoughts on questions and interruptions from the audience. You may choose to invite questions from the audience as you go or ask them to wait until the end. Either way, questions should be encouraged as it provides you with some feedback on how interested the audiences and how well they understanding you. When a question is asked, you need to provide an answer that is as accurate as possible, so initially, my tip is to Q39 repeat it. This will ensure you have heard it correctly, and we’ll give you a few seconds to gather your thoughts.

Interruptions, on the other hand, can be unwelcome, and you may get them for a variety of reasons. It’s likely, however, that there’s something in your presentation that’s unclear or confusing.

So my advice is to reduce problems by reading through your presentation beforehand and Q40 predicting potential points, which could cause interruptions. You may then want to change that part of the presentation or at least be prepared if someone does interrupt you. Now, do you have any questions?

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IELTS LISTENING-The Morrow Museum Tour S68T2

 IELTS listening The Morrow Museum Tour listening practice test has 10 questions belongs to the History & Museum Studies subject..

You will hear the curator of the Morrow Museum talking about the museum’s attractions. Hello, and welcome to the Morrow Museum. As you can see, this is our reception, and there’s also a small shop where you can buy some books on the artist and his times, as well as postcards and other reproductions of some of his best-known paintings.

To your right is a study room for scholars to examine the many diaries, letters and other documents relevant to the artist’s life. While to the left is a small theatre in which you can view a short TV documentary that was made a few years ago.

Behind me is the main gallery, which not only contains some of Moreau’s better-known oil paintings, but also some artefacts from his life, including his writing desk with photos of his much-loved wife and family.
 
Go through to the left and there’s a small exhibition of Morrow’s drawings, and beyond that is a small cafe with a small garden terrace and some toilets. Going back to the main gallery and continuing to the right, you’ll find a reproduction of Morrow’s studio and what it may have looked like in the 1870s, at the time he was painting his famous The Stages of Life panorama.
 
If you go through this, you come to the museum’s star attraction, the panorama, the stages of life. Before you go into the museum, perhaps it’s worth giving you a little information on the artist. Anthony Moreau, that’s M-O-R-R-O-W, is often confused with his French contemporary, Gustave Moreau, M-O-R-E-A-U.

And though he worked for many years in France and was well known to his French contemporaries, he was actually born here in England to an English father and Italian mother. His life was full of joy and tragedy.
 
He had a loving wife, who he adored, and five children, leading a happy married life. However, the death of his eldest child, a girl, came as a great blow to him, and this was followed the next year by the passing of his beloved mother. However, it was the death of his wife, while giving birth to their youngest child, that had the most profound effect on Morrow, and was the ultimate inspiration for his stages of life panorama.

Following his wife’s passing, Moreau found he was no longer able to work in the family home, which contained so many memories. So he left his children in the care of his loving sister and travelled throughout Europe. He first went to Italy and stayed for a while with his mother’s family in Naples.
 
It was in Italy that he first had the idea for the panorama and made some preliminary drawings, which can be seen in our drawing gallery. However, still plagued by grief, he then moved on to France and, as a result of a bout of illness, went on to Switzerland to recuperate. He then returned to France, and it was in Marseille, where he lived for many years before, that he painted his panorama.
 
Though the painting has some affinity with the Impressionists in the handling of paint and the range of colours, his work is generally accepted as an example of symbolism, though some have likened it to the post-Impressionist works of Cézanne and others, while some historians have seen elements of Cubism, though this is not a view held by many.
 
However, when it was exhibited in 1876 it was not received well by the critics. However, it was bought by a wealthy Parisian industrialist and placed in his private chapel.
 
The panorama charts life from birth to death. The artist produced it as a semi-circular panorama. As he said, life surrounds us and consumes us all. When you look at the painting, you may recognize some of Moreau’s family members from the photos in the main gallery. His youngest daughter, Charlotte, can be seen in the early stages of life’s saga in somewhat nostalgic, melancholic scenes.
 
His sister also appears in the middle section in perhaps the least mournful passage of the painting, while his wife, perhaps not surprisingly, takes centre stage at the end. You may wonder how the painting ended up here in a small English seaside town.
 
The building, which now houses the museum, was once Moreau’s childhood home and was bought by the local council when it was threatened with demolition in the 1970s. The Panorama had been in the country since the end of the Second World War, when it was given to the nation by the French government as a token of appreciation for our hosting the Free French Forces.
 
However, it was the intervention of Clementine Churchill, Winston Churchill’s widow, that saw it being permanently housed here. It is a sad, yet at the time an uplifting painting, from one of our least known, but perhaps most romantic painters. I hope you enjoy your visit.
 

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