IELTS LISTENING – Left and Right Handedness in Sport S38T4

IELTS listening Left and Right Handedness in Sport listening practice test has 10 questions belong to the Academic & Lecture on Sports Science.

My topic is handedness, whether in different sports, it is better to be left or right-sided or whether a more balanced approach is more successful.

I’m left-handed myself, and I actually didn’t see any relevance to my own life. When I happened to start reading an article by a sports psychologist called Peter Matthews, he spent the first part of the article talking about handedness in music instead of sport, which I have to say, almost put me off from reading further.

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Q₃₁ But what I soon became struck by was the sheer volume of both observation and investigation he had done in many different sports, and I felt persuaded that what he had to say would be of really interest.

Q₃₂ I think Matthew’s findings will be beneficial not so much in helping sports people to work on their weaker side, but more that they can help them identify the most suitable strategies to use in a given game.

Although Q₃₃ most trainers know how important handedness is at present, they are rather reluctant to make use of the insight scientists like Matthew’s congee give, which I think is rather shortsighted because focusing on individual flexibility is only part of the story. Anyway. Back to the article, Matthews found a German study, which looked at what he called mixed handedness that is, the capacity to use both left and right hands. Equally. It looked at mixed-handedness in 40 musicians on a variety of instruments.

Researchers examined a number of variables, for example, type of instrument played regularity of practice undertaken, and length of time playing instrument, and found the following. Keyboard players had high levels of mixed-handedness, whereas string players like cellists and violinists strongly favored one hand. Also, Q₃₄ those who started younger were more mixed-handed. Matthews also reports studies of handedness in apes. Apes get a large proportion of their food by fishing ants from anthills.

Q₃₅ The studies show that apes like humans, show handedness, though for them right and left-handedness is about equal, whereas about 85% of humans are right-handed studies showed the apes consistently using the same hand, fished out 30% more ants than those varying between the two.

Matthew started researching several different sports and found different types of handedness in each. By the way, he uses handedness to refer to the dominant side for feet and eyes as well as hands. Anyway, His team measured the hand, feet, and eyes of 2000 and 611 players and found that there were really three main types of lateral quality mixed. You work equally well on both sides. Both hands and I single. You tend to favour one side, but both hands and I favor the same side and cross-lateral quality. A player’s hands and eyes favor only one side, but they are opposite sides.

Let’s start with hockey. Matthews found that it was best to be mixed-handed. This is because ah, hockey stick must be deployed in Q₃₆ two directions. It would be a drawback to have hand or eye favoring one side. An interesting finding is that mixed-handed hockey players were significantly more Q₃₇ confident than their single-handed counterparts. Things air slightly different in racket sports like tennis here. The important thing is to have the dominant hand and eye. On the one side, this means that there is a bigger area of Q₃₈ vision on the side, where most of the action occurs.

If a player is cross-lateral, the racket is invisible from the dominant eye. For much of the swing, it means that they can only make Q₃₉ corrections much later. And often the damage has been done by then and moving to a rather different type of sport, which involves large but precise movements. Gymnastics. It’s been found that cross-hand I favoring is best.

The predominant reason for this is because it aids Q₄₀ balance, which is, of course, absolutely central to performance in this sport. 

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IELTS LISTENING – Antarctic Centre in Christchurch S38T3

IELTS listening Antarctic Centre in Christchurch listening practice test has 10 questions belongs to the Academic & Interview about a Scientific Centre.

INTERVIEWER: We’re pleased to welcome Dr Martin Merry whether of the Antarctic Centre in Christchurch, New Zealand who has come along to talk to us today about the role of the Centre and the Antarctic Treaty.

INTERVIEWER: Now my first question is about the choice of location for the centre. Why Christchurch? Was it because of the climate?

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DOCTOR: Well actually New Zealand is the second closest country to Antarctica and Christchurch is often used on Antarctic expeditions.

INTERVIEWER: Right, Q₂₁ so it’s because of where we are… coupled with our historical role. So tell us—what is the main purpose of the centre?

DOCTOR: Well… we have two complementary roles. One is as a scientific base for expeditions and research and the other is as an information centre.

INTERVIEWER: Tell us something about the role as a scientific base.

DOCTOR: Q₂₂ We’re able to provide information about what scientists should take with them to the South Pole—for example, the centre contains a clothing warehouse where expeditions are supplied with suitable clothing for the extreme conditions.

INTERVIEWER: I suppose you need a bit more than your normal winter coat!

DOCTOR: Yes, exactly and then there’s also the specialist library and mapping services.

INTERVIEWER: Right. And which countries are actually located at the centre?

DOCTOR: Well… the centre houses research programmes for New Zealand, for The United States as well as for Italy… there’s even a US post office at the American airforce base here.

INTERVIEWER: Really? And what does the visitor’s centre offer?

DOCTOR: Well, since very few people will ever experience the Antarctic first hand, Q₂₃ the visitors’ centre aims to recreate the atmosphere of Antarctica. There’s a mock campsite where you can see inside an Antarctic tent and imagine yourself sleeping there. And the centre also acts as a showcase for the unique international co-operation which exists in Antarctica today.

INTERVIEWER: What is it actually like at the South Pole? I know you’ve been there on a number of occasions.

DOCTOR: Yes, I have and Q₂₄ each time I’m struck by the awesome beauty of the place. It’s magnificent but you can really only visit it in the summer months.

INTERVIEWER: October to March.

DOCTOR: Yes, because it’s completely dark for four months of the year (pause) … and in addition it has to be the coldest place on earth.

INTERVIEWER: Colder than the North Pole? Why’s that?

DOCTOR: Well, unlike the North Pole, which is actually a frozen sea, Q₂₅ Antarctica is a land mass shaped like a dome, with the result that the winds blow down the slopes at speeds of up to 150 km an hour and that’s what makes it so cold. And one other interesting thing is that Antarctica is the driest continent on earth, surprisingly, and so you have to drink large amounts of water when you’re there.

INTERVIEWER: How old is Antarctica?

DOCTOR: We’re pretty sure it was part of a larger land mass but it broke away from the rest of the continent 170 million years ago.

INTERVIEWER: How can you be certain of this?

DOCTOR: … Q₂₆ because fossils and rocks have been discovered in Antarctica which are the same as those found in places such as Africa and Australia.

INTERVIEWER: Amazing… To think that it was once attached to Africa…

INTERVIEWER: Now let’s just have a look at the Antarctic Treaty. How far back does the idea of an international treaty go?

DOCTOR: Well, as far back as the 19th century, when eleven nations organised an international event.

INTERVIEWER: When was that exactly?

DOCTOR: In 1870. And it was called the Polar Research Meeting. And then, not long after that, they organised something called the First International Polar Year.

INTERVIEWER: And that took place when exactly?

DOCTOR: Q₂₇ Over two years from 1882 to 1883. But it wasn’t until the 1950s that the idea of an international treaty was proposed. And Q₂₈ in 1959 the Treaty was actually signed.

INTERVIEWER: What do you see as the main achievements of the treaty?

DOCTOR: Well, Q₂₉ firstly it means that the continent is reserved for peaceful use.

INTERVIEWER: That’s Article 1, isn’t it?

DOCTOR: Yes…

INTERVIEWER: That’s important since the territory belongs to everyone.

DOCTOR: Yes but not as important as Article 5, Q₃₀ which prohibits any nuclear explosions or waste disposal.

INTERVIEWER: Which is marvellous. Well, I’m afraid we’re going to have to stop there because I’m afraid we’ve run out of time. Thanks for coming along today and telling us all about the centre and its work.

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IELTS LISTENING – The School of Education Libraries S36T3

 

IELTS LISTENING The School of Education Libraries listening practice test has 10 questions belong to the Academic & Library Services.

LIBRARIAN: Good afternoon. Can I help you?

STUDENT: Good afternoon. Yes, I’ve just transferred to the School of Education, and I’d like information about joining the library.

LIBRARIAN: Well, the School of Education has libraries on two sites, as I’m sure you know, This one here is the Fordham Site, and the other is on Castle Road.

STUDENT: And is there any difference between the two libraries?

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LIBRARIAN: Not in terms of their facilities. Access to online databases and the Internet is available at both sites and each site has a range of Q₂₁ reference materials on education.

STUDENT: Oh yes. I see.

LIBRARIAN: But the Castle Road site has books on the sociology of education and a collection of Q₂₂ textbooks and teaching resources covering most of the subjects taught in Q₂₃ secondary schools.

STUDENT: Ah, right, but I’m training to be a Q₂₄ primary teacher so I need to look at materials for the five to eleven age group.

LIBRARIAN: Then you’ve come to the right place. At Fordham, we hold material relating to primary education, as well as special needs, but of course, you’ll need to familiarize yourself with both sites to make the most of our resources.

STUDENT: You haven’t mentioned periodicals. Are they held at both sites?

LIBRARIAN: Current issues, yes but if you want to look at Q₂₅ back issues you’ll need to use the CD-ROM databases which are held here at Fordham.

STUDENT: I see. Now, about borrowing books. I’m living out of town, so I’m hoping I can borrow quite a few items, and cut down on the number of trips I have to make.

LIBRARIAN: Right, well, members can borrow two books at a time from each site.

STUDENT: Only two books?

LIBRARIAN: Only two from each site, but that’s four altogether.

STUDENT: Oh I see, and how long can I hang on to them for?

LIBRARIAN: The borrowing period is one month, but of course books can be renewed. You can renew any item a maximum of three times.

STUDENT: Do I have to come to the library to do that?

LIBRARIAN: No, you can do it by telephone or email, but you can’t renew Q₂₆ overdue books this way, only before or on the due date stamped in the book. We’ll need your full name, your borrower number, and the name of the site-library you borrowed the items from.

STUDENT: So theoretically I can borrow books for up to three months – is that what you’re saying?

LIBRARIAN: Yes, provided they’re not recalled.

STUDENT: So, what happens then?

LIBRARIAN: Well, sometimes an item is requested by another borrower, in which case we’d send you a letter, and you’d have to return the book within Q₂₇ seven working days. Don’t forget we’re closed on Sundays.

STUDENT: OK.

STUDENT: I expect it’ll take me a while to find what I need. There’s such a lot here.

LIBRARIAN: Yes there is, but if you need help getting started, this term we’re running three study skills workshops.

STUDENT: Oh? What are they on?

LIBRARIAN: Er, let me see. The first one’s on resources – yes, here it is.

STUDENT: Q₂₈ How to use the library’s resources. That includes everything, not just the print and technical resources. That sounds useful. Is there anything on using the Internet? ,

LIBRARIAN: Er, let’s see. The one on the Internet for beginners was the last term, This term it’s finding research materials online.

STUDENT: That sounds interesting too, hm, what’s the last one?

LIBRARIAN: It’s a workshop on dissertations.

STUDENT: What do you mean – how to write one?

LIBRARIAN: Er. no, it’s more to do with academic writing conventions, you know – writing a bibliography and how to refer to sources in your text. That sort of thing. Anyway, here’s a leaflet with information about all three.

STUDENT: Thanks a lot. That’ll be very useful.

LIBRARIAN: You’re welcome

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IELTS LISTENING – BOAT TRIP S38T2

IELTS listening BOAT TRIP listening practice test has 10 questions belongs to the Travel &  City Tourism.

Travel Agent: Thank you for calling the Tourist Line. There are many different ways of getting round the city and we’d like to suggest some you may not have thought of.

How about a city trip by boat? There are four main stopping points from west to east: stop A Green Banks, stop B Q₁₁ City Bridge, stop C Roman Landing and stop D  Q₁₂ Newtown.

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You can find the main booking office at stop A.

The first boat leaves at 8 a.m. and the last one at Q₁₃ 6.30 p.m. There are also many attractions you can visit along the river. At Stop A, if you have time, you can visit the fine 16th century palace here built for the king with its beautiful Q₁₄ formal gardens. It’s very near the booking office. Now you can enjoy every corner of this superb residence.

Stop B Why don’t you visit Q₁₅ Tower Restaurant with its wide range of refreshments? This is a place where you can sit and enjoy the wonderful Q₁₆ views over the old commercial and banking centre of the city.

Stop C is the area where, in the first century AD, invading soldiers crossed the river; this was much shallower than it is now. That’s why this area is called Roman Landing. There’s an interactive Museum to visit here with a large shop which has a good range of local Q₁₇ history books.

At the furthest point of the trip, stop D, the most exciting place to visit is the new Entertainment Complex with Q₁₈ seven-screen cinema, bowling alley, and video games arcade.

Besides the boat tours, there are city buses. Two companies offer special services:

The Top Bus Company runs all its tours with a live commentary in English. Tours leave from 8.30 a.m. Q₁₉ every 20 minutes. There are departures from Central Station, Castle Hill, and Long Walk. This is a hop-on hop-off service and tickets are valid for 24 hours. For further details call Top Bus on 0208 9447810.

The Number One Sightseeing Tour is available with a commentary in eight languages. Buses depart Q₂₀ from Central Station every five to six minutes from about 9 a.m. with the last bus at around 7 p.m. There are also Number One services with an English-speaking…

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