Martin: Yes, but we thought we needed something general about woolly mammoths in our introduction to establish that they were related to our modern elephant. And _Q21 they lived thousands of years ago in the last ice age.

Rosie: Maybe we could show a video clip of a cartoon about Mammoth

That would be a bit childish. Or we could have a diagram. _Q23 It could be a timeline to show when they lived with illustrations.

Martin: Or we could just show a drawing of them walking in the ice. No, let’s go with your last suggestion.

Tutor: Good. Then you’re describing the discovery of the mammoth, tooth, on St Paul’s Island in Alaska. On why it was significant

Rosie: Yes. The tooth was found by a man called Russell Graham. He picked it up from under a rock in the cave. He knew it was special for a start _Q22 it within really good condition as if it had been just extracted from the animals. Jule Bone. Anyway, they found it was 6500 years old.

Tutor: So why was that significant?

Rosie: Well, the mammoth bones previously found on the North American mainland were much less recent than that. So this was really amazing.

Martin: Then we’re making an animated diagram to show the geography of the area in prehistoric times. So, originally, some Pause Island wasn’t an island. It was connected to the mainland on mammoths and other animals, like bears were able to roam around the whole area.

Rosie: Then the climate warmed up on the sea, levels began to rise, and the islands got cut off from the mainland. So those mammoths on the island couldn’t escape. They had to stay on the island.

Martin: And in fact, the species survived there for thousands of years after they’d become extinct on the mainland.

Tutor: So why do you think they died out on the mainland?

Rosie: No one? Sure.

Martin: Anyway, next will explain how Graham and his team identified the date. When the mammoths became extinct on the island, _Q24 they concluded that the extinction happened 5600 years ago, which is a very precise time for a prehistoric extinction. It’s based on samples they took from mud at the bottom of a lake on the island. They analysed it to find out what had fallen in overtime, bits of plants, volcanic ash, and even DNA from the mammoth themselves. It’s standard procedure, but it took nearly two years to do.

Tutor: So why don’t you quickly go through the main sections of your presentation on discuss what actions needed for each part?

Martin: Okay, so for the introduction, we’re using a visual. So once we prepared that, we’re done,

Rosie: I’m not sure. _Q25 I think we need to write down all the ideas we want to include here, not just reliable memory. How we begin. The presentation is so important.

Martin: You’re right.

Rosie: The discovery of the mama’s teeth is probably the most dramatic part. But we don’t have that much information only what we got from the online article. I thought maybe _Q26 we could get in touch with the researcher who led the team and ask him to tell us a bit more. Great

Martin: idea. What about the section with the initial questions asked by the researchers? We’ve got a lot on that, but _Q27 we need to make it interesting.

Rosie: We could ask the audience to suggest some questions about it and then see how many of them we can answer. I don’t think it would take too long.

Tutor: Yes, that would add a bit of variety.

Martin: Then the section on _Q28 further research carried out on the island, analysing the mud in the lake. I wonder if we’ve actually got too much information here. Should we cut some?

Rosie: I don’t think so, but it’s all a bit muddled at present.

Martin: Yes, maybe it would be better if it followed a chronological pattern.

Rosie: I think say the _Q29 findings and possible explanations section is just about ready, but we need to practice it. So we’re sure it went overrun. I think

Martin: it should be OK, but yes, let’s make sure

Tutor: in the last section relevance to the present day. _Q30 You’ve got some good ideas, but this is where you need to move away from the ideas of others and give your own viewpoint.

Martin: Okay, We’ll think about that now. Shall we show you something?

Attempt full listening test…