IELTS LISTENING – THE URBAN LANDSCAPE S25T4

IELTS listening THE URBAN LANDSCAPE listening practice test has 10 questions belongs to the Geography / Urban Studies  subject.

Good day, ladies and gentlemen. I have been asked today to talk to you about the urban landscape. There are two major areas that I will focus on in my talk: how vegetation can have a significant effect on urban climate, and how we can better plan our Q₃₁ cities using trees to provide a more comfortable environment for us to live in.

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Trees can have a significant impact on our cities. They can make a city, as a whole, a bit less windy or a bit more Q₃₂ windy, if that’s what you want. They can make it a bit cooler if it’s a hot summer day in an Australian city, or they can make it a bit more Q₃₃ humid if it’s a dry inland city. On the local scale – that is, in particular areas within the city – trees can make the local area more Q₃₄ shady, cooler, more humid, and much less windy. In fact, trees and planting of various kinds can be used to make city streets actually less Q₃₅ dangerous in particular areas. How do trees do all that, you ask?

Well, the main difference between a tree and a building is a tree has got an internal mechanism to keep the temperature regulated. It evaporates water through its Q₃₆ leaves and that means that the temperature of the leaves is never very far from our own body temperature. The temperature of a building surface on a hot sunny day can easily be twenty degrees more than our temperature. Trees, on the other hand, remain cooler than buildings because they sweat. This means that they can humidify the air and cool it – a property which can be exploited to improve the local climate.

Trees can also help break the force of winds. The reason that high buildings make it windier at ground level is that, as the wind goes higher and higher, it goes faster and faster. When the wind hits the building, it has to go somewhere. Some of it goes over the top and some goes around the sides of the building, forcing those high-level winds down to Q₃₇ ground level.
That doesn’t happen when you have trees. Trees Q₃₈ filter the wind and considerably reduce it, preventing those very large strong gusts that you so often find around tall buildings.

Another problem in built-up areas is that traffic noise is intensified by tall buildings. By planting a belt of trees at the side of the road, you can make things a little quieter, but much of the vehicle noise still goes through the trees. Trees can also help reduce the amount of noise in the surroundings, although the effect is not as large as people like to think. Q₃₉ Low-frequency noise, in particular, just goes through the trees as though they aren’t there.

Although trees can significantly improve the local climate, they do however take up a lot of space. There are root systems to consider and branches blocking windows and so on. It may therefore be difficult to fit trees into the local landscape. There is not a great deal you can do if you have what we call a street canyon – a whole set of high-rises enclosed in a narrow street. Trees need water to grow. They also need some sunlight to grow and you Q₄₀ need room to put them. If you have the chance of knocking buildings down and replacing them, then suddenly you can start looking at different ways to design the streets and to introduce …

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IELTS LISTENING – POPULATION STUDIES S25T3

IELTS listening POPULATION STUDIES listening practice test has 10 questions belongs to the Demography / Academic Lecture subject.

MELANIE: Excuse me, Dr. Johnson. May I speak to you for a minute? 

DR. JOHNSON: Sure. Come in.

MELANIE: I’m Melanie Griffin. I’m taking your course in Population Studies.

DR. JOHNSON: Right. Well, Melanie, how can I help you?

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MELANIE: I’m … having a bit of trouble with the second assignment, and it’s due in twelve days.

DR. JOHNSON: What sort of trouble are you having? Is the assignment question a problem?

MELANIE: Well, that’s part of the problem. I’m also having – been having – trouble getting hold of the books. I’ve been to the library several times, and all the books are out.

DR. JOHNSON: Sounds like you should have started borrowing books a bit earlier.

MELANIE: Well, I had Q₂₁ a really big assignment due in for another course, and I’ve been spending all my time on that, and I thought …

DR. JOHNSON: … you might get an extension of time to finish your assignment for me?

MELANIE: If that’s possible, but I don’t know …

DR. JOHNSON: Well, yes, it is possible, but extensions are normally given only for Q₂₂ medical or compassionate reasons, otherwise it’s really a question of organising your study, and we don’t like giving extensions to students who simply didn’t plan their work properly. What did you get for your first assignment?

MELANIE: I got eighty-seven percent.

DR. JOHNSON: Mmm, yes, you did very well indeed, so obviously you can produce good work.

MELANIE: I don’t think I’ll need too much extra time, as long as I can get hold of some of the important references.

DR. JOHNSON: Well, since you did so well in your first assignment, I’m prepared to give you an extra two weeks for this one, so that’ll mean you’ll need to submit it about a month from now.

MELANIE: Thank you.

DR. JOHNSON: Now, what about the reading materials? Have you checked out the journal articles in the list?

MELANIE: Umm, no, not yet, there were about twenty of them, and I wasn’t sure which ones would be most useful or important.

DR. JOHNSON: Well, they’re all useful, but I don’t expect anyone to read them all, because a number of them deal with the same issues. Let me give you some suggestions. The article by Anderson and Hawker is really worth reading.

MELANIE: Right, I’ll read that one.

DR. JOHNSON: You should also read the article by Jackson, but just look at the part on the Q₂₃ research methodology – how they did it.

MELANIE: OK … Jackson, got that …

DR. JOHNSON: And if you have time, the one by Roberts says very relevant things, although. it’s not essential

MELANIE: So, OK, if it’s Q₂₄ useful, I’ll try and read that one …

DR. JOHNSON: Now, the one by Morris. Q₂₅ I wouldn’t bother with that at this stage if I were you.

MELANIE: OK, I won’t bother with Morris. Oh, now, someone told me the article by Cooper is important.

DR. JOHNSON: Well, yes, in a way, but just look at Q₂₆ the last part, where he discusses the research results. And lastly, there’s Forster – I can’t think why I included that one. It’s not bad and Q₂₇ could be of some help, but not that much.

DR. JOHNSON: Now, let’s deal with the assignment question. What’s the problem there?

MELANIE: It’s the graph on page two.

DR. JOHNSON: What seems to be the problem? It’s just the bar graph showing reasons why people change where they live.

MELANIE: Well, I’ve got a photocopy but the reasons at the bottom are missing.

DR. JOHNSON: OK. Look at the first bar on the graph – now that indicates the number of people who move because they want more space.

MELANIE: Oh I see … bar one. OK … Now what about the next bar?

DR. JOHNSON: Bar two is to do with Q₂₈ the people living nearby disturbing them, so they chose to move away to somewhere quieter. Now let’s look at bar number three … another reason people change their place of living is because they want to be closer to the city.

MELANIE: OK. Proximity to the city is an issue …

DR. JOHNSON: Now … bar number four refers to problems when the owner of the property won’t help fix things that go wrong. In other words, the Q₂₉ owner is not helpful and so the tenants move out.

MELANIE: OK … now what about bar five?

DR. JOHNSON: Bar five is about those people who move because they need a bus or train to get them into the city or to go to work.

MELANIE: OK … and bar six?

DR. JOHNSON: Bar number six is Interesting. That reason was given quite a lot – people moving because they wanted to be in Q₃₀ a more attractive neighbourhood.

MELANIE: Oh, yes, thank you very much.

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IELTS LISTENING – RIVERSIDE INDUSTRIAL VILLAGE S25T2

IELTS listening RIVERSIDE INDUSTRIAL VILLAGE listening practice test has 10 questions belongs to the Industrial / Geography subject.

Good afternoon everybody and welcome to Riverside Industrial Village. To start your visit I’m just going to give you a brief account of the history of the museum before letting you roam about on your own. I won’t keep you long. OK?

Now, from where we’re standing you’ve got a good view of the river over there. And it was because of this fast-flowing water that this site was a natural place for manufacturing works. The water and the availability of raw materials in the area, like minerals and iron ore, and also the abundance of local fuels, like Q₁₁ coal and firewood, all made this site suitable for industry from a very early time.

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Water was the main source of power for the early industries and some of the water wheels were first established in the twelfth century, would you believe? At that time, Q₁₂ local craftsmen first built an iron forge just behind the village here, on the bend in the river. By the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the region’s rivers supported more than Q₁₃ a hundred and sixty water mills – and many of these continued to operate well into the nineteenth century. But then the steam engine was invented and then the railways came and the centres of industry were able to move away from the rivers and the countryside and into the towns. So, industrial villages like this one became very rare.

So that’s the history for you. If you’d like any more information, you can ask me some questions, or you can read further in our excellent guidebook.

Now I’m going to give you a plan of the site and I’d just like to point out where everything is and then you can take a look at everything for yourself.

I’ve already pointed out the river, which is on the left. And of course, running along the bottom is Q₁₄ Woodside Road, got it? OK. Now we’re standing at the entrance, see it at the bottom, and immediately to our right is the Q₁₅ Ticket Office. You won’t need that because you’ve got your group booking, but just past it are the toilets – always good to know where they are. In (rant of us is the car park, as you can see, and to the left, by the entry gate is the Q₁₆ Gift Shop. That’s where you can get copies of the guide, like this one here.

Now, beyond the car park, all the buildings are arranged in a half circle with a yard in the middle. The big, stone building at the top is the Q₁₇ main Workshop. That’s where the furnace is and where all the metal was smelted and the tools were cast, as you’ll be able to see. Now, in the top right-hand corner, that building with bigger windows is the Q₁₈ Showroom, where samples of all the tools that were made through the ages are on display. In the top left corner is the Grinding Shop, where the tools were sharpened and finished. And on one side of that you can see the Engine Room and on the other is the Q₁₉ Cafe, which isn’t an antique, you’ll be pleased to know, though they do serve very nice old-fashioned teas.

The row of buildings you can see on the left are the Q₂₀ cottages. These were built for the workers towards the end of the eighteenth century and they’re still furnished from that period so you can get a good idea of ordinary people’s living conditions. Across the yard from them, you can see the stables where the horses were kept for transporting the products. And the separate building in front of them is the Works Office and that still has some of the old accounts on display.

Right, if anyone wants a guided tour then I’m starting at the Engine Room. If you’d like to come along, this way please, ladies and gentlemen.

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